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BIOLOGY COURSES (BIO)
 
BIO 1100 Principles of Biology (3)
  Biological principles including chemistry of life, cell structure and function, bioenergetics, cell reproduction, heredity, and ecology. Credit for this course cannot be applied toward any curriculum in biology. Co-requisite: BIO L100.
   
BIO L100 Principles of Biology Lab (1-2)
  Measurements, microscopy, ecology, cell structure, bioenergetics, cell reproduction, and heredity. Corequisite: BIO 1100.
   
BIO 1101 Organismal Biology (3)
  Biological concepts and life processes of protists, fungi, plants, and animals. Prerequisites: BIO 1100, L100. Co-requisite: BIO L101.
   
BIO L101 Organismal Biology Lab (1-2)
  Survey of organisms from selected phyla, including anatomy, phylogeny, and life histories. Prerequisites: BIO 1100, L100. Co-requisite: BIO 1101.
   
BIO 1110 Survey of the Human Body (3)
  Biological principles related to the role of humans in an ecosystem, with emphasis on the structure and function of the human body. Credit for this course cannot be applied toward any curriculum in biology. Co-requisite: BIO L110.
   
BIO L110 Survey of the Human Body Lab (1-2)
  Human physiology and the role that humans play in the biosphere. Credit for this course cannot be applied toward any curriculum in biology. Corequisite: BIO 1110.
   
BIO 2202 Principles of Environmental Science (3)
  The consequences of human activities on the environment, emphasizing current global problems, social attitudes, and potential solutions. Prerequisites: BIO 1100, L100. Co-requisite: BIO L202.
   
BIO L202 Principles of Environmental Science Lab (1-3)
  Laboratory and field-oriented experiences designed to enhance understanding of environmental concepts and issues. Prerequisites: BIO 1100, L100. Co-requisite: BIO 2202.
   
BIO 2205 Career Opportunities in Medicine and Allied Health Professions (1)
  An introduction to medicine and allied health professions, including academic requirements, job opportunities, and future trends. Professionals from different fields will discuss their specialties to provide students with realistic perspectives.
   
BIO 2229 General Ecology (3)
  The relationships of living organisms to one another and to the nonliving environment. Basic ecological concepts with the emphasis on bioenergetics, limiting factors, adaptation to a changing environment, the niche, ecological pyramids, and succession. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101 and CHM 1143, L143. Co-requisite: BIO L229.
   
BIO L229 General Ecology Lab (1-3)
  Introduction to the terminology, procedures and equipment for sampling biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems, the functional and dynamic features of ecosystems, and biotic interactions. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101 and CHM 1143, L143. Co-requisite: BIO 2229.
   
BIO 3307 Invertebrate Zoology (3)
  Major and minor phyla of invertebrates with emphasis on anatomy, classification, life histories, and phylogeny. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101. Corequisite: BIO L307.
   
BIO L307 Invertebrate Zoology Lab (1-3)
  Anatomy, classification, and life histories of invertebrates. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101. Corequisite: BIO 3307.
   
BIO 3308 Vertebrate Zoology (3)
  Taxonomy, structure, life histories, behavior, and distribution of vertebrates. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101. Co-requisite: BIO L308.
   
BIO L308 Vertebrate Zoology Lab (1-3)
  Taxonomy, structure, life histories, and behavior of vertebrates. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101. Corequisite: BIO 3308.
   
BIO 3320 Genetics (3)
  Principles of heredity, from basic Mendelian concepts through molecular genetics. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101, 2229, L229, CHM 1143, L143, MTH 1112 or equivalent and MTH 2210 or equivalent, or permission of chair. Co-requisite: BIO L320.
   
BIO L320 Genetics Lab (1-3)
  Basic laboratory techniques in genetics, including the genetics of common laboratory organisms. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101, 2229, L229, CHM 1143, L143, MTH 1112 or equivalent and MTH 2210 or equivalent, or permission of chair. Corequisite: BIO 3320.
   
BIO 3325 Plant Form and Function (3)
  The development, structure, and function of plant tissues and organs. Primary emphasis on anatomical, morphological, and physiological features of angiosperms. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101. Corequisite: BIO L325.
   
BIO L325 Plant Form and Function Lab (1-3)
  The development, structure, and function of plant tissues and organs, with the primary emphasis on structures. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101. Corequisite: BIO 3325.
   
BIO 3326 Plant Diversity (3)
  Taxonomy, structures, reproduction, and life cycles of fungi, algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101. Co-requisite: BIO L326.
   
BIO L326 Plant Diversity Lab (1-3)
  Taxonomy, structures, reproduction, and life cycles of fungi, algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101. Co-requisite: BIO 3326.
   
BIO 3347 Human Anatomy and Physiology I (3)
  Anatomical terminology, a survey of cell types and tissues, and detailed coverage of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems of humans. Prerequisites: BIO 1100, L100 or BIO 1110, L110 and CHM 1142, L142 or CHM 1115, L115. Corequisite: BIO L347.
   
BIO L347 Human Anatomy and Physiology I Lab (1-3)
  Anatomical terminology, a survey of cell types and tissues, and detailed coverage of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems of humans. Prerequisites: BIO 1100, L100 or BIO 1110, L110 and CHM 1142, L142 or CHM 1115, L115. Corequisite: BIO 3347.
   
BIO 3348 Human Anatomy and Physiology II (3)
  The endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems of humans. Prerequisites: BIO 3347, L347. Corequisite: BIO L348.
   
BIO L348 Human Anatomy and Physiology II Lab (1-3)
  The endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems of humans. Prerequisites: BIO 3347, L347. Corequisite: BIO 3348.
   
BIO3372 Microbiology (3)
  Fundamentals of microbiology including historical perspectives, anatomy and growth of bacteria, microbial metabolism, diseases caused by them, and interrelationships of microorganisms with the environment. Prerequisites: BIO 1100, L100 or 1110, L110 and CHM 1142, L142 or 1115, L115. Corequisite: BIO L372.
   
BIO L372 Microbiology Lab (1-3)
  Fundamentals of microscopy, sterile techniques, staining procedures, isolation techniques, identification of unknowns, and biochemical tests. Prerequisites: BIO 1100, L100 or 1110, L110 and CHM 1142, L142 or 1115, L115. Co-requisite: BIO 3372.
   
BIO 3382 Immunology (3)
  The cellular and humoral system involved in the host response and immunity of organisms to foreign substances. Mechanisms of humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and hypersensitivities. Prerequisites: BIO 3372, L372, CHM 3342, L342. Co-requisite: BIO L382.
   
BIO L382 Immunology Lab (1-3)
  Analysis of immunological techniques used in research and clinical settings. Prerequisites: BIO 3372, L372, CHM 3342, L342. Co-requisite: BIO 3382.
   
BIO 3386 Hematology (3)
  The study of blood cells and blood-forming organs under normal and diseased states. Prerequisites: BIO 3320, L320, 3372, L372, CHM 3342, L342. Co-requisite: BIO L386.
   
BIO L386 Hematology Lab (1-3)
  Cytological and instrumental analyses of blood cells and blood forming organs. Hematological analysis of normal and diseased states. Introduction to blood-banking procedures. Prerequisites: BIO 3320, L320, 3372, L372, CHM 3342, L342. Co-requisite: BIO 3386.
   
BIO 4402 Spring Flora (4-7)
  Survey of vascular plants from different habitats in southeast Alabama. Principles of plant taxonomy, including history and systems of classification and nomenclature, the use of dichotomous keys, and general herbarium techniques. Emphasis is placed on plant identification and habitat types. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101, 2229, L229.
   
BIO 4405 Entomology (3)
  Orders of insects with the emphasis on morphology, taxonomy, and life cycles. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101. Co-requisite: BIO L405.
   
BIO L405 Entomology Lab (1-3)
  Morphology, classification, and identification of insects. A collection is required. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101. Co-requisite: BIO 4405.
   
BIO 4410 Animal Behavior (3)
  Classical and current concepts of animal behavior including individual and social behavioral patterns. Prerequisites: BIO 3320, L320. Co-requisite: BIO L410.
   
BIO L410 Animal Behavior Lab (1-3)
  Experimental and observational techniques in behavior. Prerequisites: BIO 3320, L320. Corequisite: BIO 4410.
   
BIO 4413 Limnology (3)
  The physical, chemical, geological, and biological aspects of freshwater ecosystems as influenced by activities in surrounding watersheds. Prerequisites: BIO 2229, L229, CHM 1143, L143. Co-requisite: BIO L413.
   
BIO L413 Limnology Lab (1-3)
  Field and laboratory exercises in lake and stream science, including instrumentation, measurement, sampling, and analysis. Prerequisites: BIO 2229, L229, CHM 1143, L143. Co-requisite: BIO 4413.
   
BIO 4414 Food Microbiology (3)
  Food spoilage, food preservation, food-borne pathogens, microbial metabolism, and molecular techniques. Prerequisites: BIO 3372, L372, CHM 3342, L342. Co-requisite: BIO L414.
   
BIO L414 Food Microbiology Lab (1-3)
  Advanced microbiological laboratory techniques including enumeration and analysis of bacteria in food, water, and dairy products. Prerequisites: BIO 3372, L372, CHM 3342, L342. Co-requisite: BIO 4414.
   
BIO 4416 Microbial Ecology (3)
  A study of the diversity and ecology of microbial populations in ecosystems, with the emphasis on the roles they play in biogeochemical cycles, their contributions to metabolic diversity, their interactions with animals and plants, their niches and bioremediation. Prerequisites: BIO 3372, L372, CHM 3342, L342. Co-requisite: BIO L416.
   
BIO L416 Microbial Ecology Lab (1-3)
  A study of the diversity and ecology of microbial populations in ecosystems, with the emphasis on the roles they play in biogeochemical cycles, their contributions to metabolic diversity, their interactions with animals and plants, their niches and bioremediation. Prerequisites: BIO 3372, L372, CHM 3342, L342. Co-requisite: BIO 4416.
   
BIO 4420 Field Vertebrate Zoology (4-7)
  The basics of vertebrate identification, with emphasis on phylogeny, anatomy, morphology, life histories, habitats, distributions, and conservation. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101, CHM 1143, L143.
   
BIO 4421 Population Ecology (3)
  Animal and plant populations, food supply, competition, disease, fecundity, distribution, and other environmental factors. Management of endangered species and protected ecosystems are included. Prerequisites: BIO 2229, L229, 3320, L320, CHM 1143, L143, and MTH 2210. Co-requisite: BIO L421.
   
BIO L421 Population Ecology Lab (1-3)
  Field exercises in identifying ecological problems, formulating and testing hypotheses, and evaluating data using standard statistical methods. Prerequisites: BIO 2229, L229, 3320, L320, CHM 1143, L143, and MTH 2210. Co-requisite: BIO 4421.
   
BIO 4425 Field Botany (4-7)
  Survey of vascular plants from different habitats in southeast Alabama. Principles of plant taxonomy, including history and systems of classification and nomenclature, the use of dichotomous keys, and general herbarium techniques. Emphasis is placed on plant identification and habitat types. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101, 2229, L229.
   
BIO 4428 Environmental Pollution and Control (3)
  Sources, effects, and methods of control for air, water, land, and noise pollution. Prerequisites: BIO 2202, L202, 2229, L229, CHM 1143, L143. Co-requisite: BIO L428.
   
BIO L428 Environmental Pollution and Control Lab (1-3)
  Field and laboratory techniques for air, water, land, and noise pollution. Prerequisites: BIO 2202, L202, 2229, L229, CHM 1143, L143. Co-requisite: BIO 4428.
   
BIO 4430 Applied Genetics (3)
  Advanced studies in genetics with emphasis on cytogenetics and molecular genetics. Prerequisites: BIO 3320, L320, 3372, L372, CHM 3343, L343. Co-requisite: BIO L430.
   
BIO L430 Applied Genetics Lab (1-3)
  An introduction to procedures and equipment used in the study of cytogenetics and molecular genetics. Prerequisites: BIO 3320, L320, 3372, L372, CHM 3343, L343. Co-requisite: BIO 4430.
   
BIO 4432 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (3)
  Detailed study of vertebrate organ-systems with emphasis on structural and functional morphology and evolutionary relationships. Prerequisites: Any 3000-level biology lecture and lab. Co-requisite: BIO L432.
   
BIO L432 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Lab (1-3)
  Detailed study of the shark, mudpuppy, and cat with emphasis on structural and functional morphology. Prerequisites: Any 3000-level biology lecture and lab. Co-requisite: BIO 4432.
   
BIO 4433 Embryology (3)
  Embryonic development of vertebrates. This course links cellular and molecular mechanisms to morphogenesis. Prerequisites: BIO 3320, L320, 3372, L372, CHM 3343, L343. Co-requisite: BIO L433.
   
BIO L433 Embryology Lab (1-3)
  Embryonic development of vertebrates as illustrated by the frog, chick, and pig. Lab includes experimental investigations of developing systems. Prerequisites: BIO 3320, L320, 3372, L372, CHM 3343, L343. Co-requisite: BIO 4433.
   
BIO 4445 Ichthyology (3)
  Morphology, anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, life histories, distribution, and adaptations of fishes. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101, 2229, L229. Corequisite: BIO L445.
   
BIO L445 Ichthyology Lab (1-3)
  Structural features, identification, and classification of freshwater and marine fishes. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101, 2229, L229. Co-requisite: BIO 4445.
   
BIO 4446 Herpetology (3)
  Morphology, anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, life histories, distribution, and adaptations of amphibians and reptiles. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101, 2229, L229. Co-requisite: BIO L446.
   
BIO L446 Herpetology Lab (1-3)
  Structural features, identification, and classification of amphibians and reptiles. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101, 2229, L229. Co-requisite: BIO 4446.
   
BIO 4447 Ornithology (3)
  Morphology, anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, life histories, distribution, and adaptations of birds. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101, 2229, L229. Corequisite: BIO L447.
   
BIO L447 Ornithology Lab (1-3)
  Structural features, identification, and classification of birds. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101, 2229, L229. Co-requisite: BIO 4447.
   
BIO 4448 Mammalogy (3)
  Morphology, anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, life histories, distribution, and adaptations of mammals. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101, 2229, L229. Corequisite: BIO L448.
   
BIO L448 Mammalogy Lab (1-3)
  Structural features, identification, and classification of mammals. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101, 2229, L229. Co-requisite: BIO 4448.
   
BIO 4451 Toxicology (3)
  Principles related to the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. Prerequisites: CHM 3342, L342. Co-requisite: BIO L451.
   
BIO L451 Toxicology Lab (1-3)
  Assessment of the toxicity of chemical agents following standard protocols. Prerequisites: CHM 3342, L342. Co-requisite: BIO 4451.
   
BIO 4452 Industrial Hygiene (3)
  Identification and correction of chemical, biological, and physical hazards in and around the workplace. Prerequisites: CHM 3343, L343. Corequisite: BIO L452.
   
BIO L452 Industrial Hygiene Lab (1-3)
  Methods and procedures for sampling, analyzing, and evaluating chemical, biological, and physical agents in the workplace. Prerequisites: CHM 3343, L343. Co-requisite: BIO 4452.
   
BIO 4471 Parasitology (3)
  Taxonomy, structure, life histories, distribution, pathogenesis, and control of parasitic protozoa, helminths, and arthropods, with the emphasis on those of medical importance. Prerequisites: Any 3000-level biology lecture and lab. Co-requisite: BIO L471.
   
BIO L471 Parasitology Lab (1-3)
  Laboratory study of parasitic protozoa, helminths, and arthropods, with the emphasis on those of medical importance. Prerequisites: Any 3000-level biology lecture and lab. Co-requisite: BIO 4471.
   
BIO 4474 Internship in Biology Education (9)
  The Professional Internship Program is the culminating clinical field-based experience for students seeking certification in a teaching field. The Professional Internship Program provides the student with the opportunity to conduct classes and assume the role of a teacher while receiving supervision from a classroom teacher and a university supervisor for a period of one full semester. The student will demonstrate skills of the informed, reflective decision maker throughout the internship experience. Prerequisite: Admission to TEP; Corequisite: SED 4454 Internship Seminar for Secondary Education.
   
BIO 4476 Special Topics in Biology (1 to 4 credit hours per course per semester)
  Specialized topics not generally included in course offerings. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
   
BIO 4478 Cell Biology (3)
  Cell structure and function with the emphasis on biochemical and molecular mechanisms. Topics include cell division, movement, differentiation, and recognition. Prerequisites: BIO 3320, L320, 3372, L372, CHM 3343, L343. Co-requisite: BIO L478.
   
BIO L478 Cell Biology Lab (1-3)
  Experimental approaches for studying cells at the biochemical and molecular levels. Prerequisites: BIO 3320, L320, 3372, L372, CHM 3343, L343. Co-requisite: BIO 4478.
   
BIO 4479 Environmental Assessment (3)
  An examination of theory and practices required in performing stream environmental assessment as currently practiced by state and federal agencies in their attempt to preserve biological integrity. Sustainable management of natural resources and a systems approach to environmental problem solving will be emphasized. Topics covered include water quality, habitat assessment, indicator species used in ecological inventory with a concentration on macro invertebrate and fish assemblages, and the index of biological integrity. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101; 2202, L202 or 2229, L229. Corequisite: BIO L479.
   
BIO L479 Environmental Assessment Lab (1-3)
  Laboratory instruction and hands-on field training regarding stream environmental assessment as currently practiced by state agencies in their attempt to preserve biological integrity. Topics covered include measurement of water quality, habitat, and practice sampling techniques, with a concentration on fish and macro invertebrate assemblages. In addition, students will learn the use of the index of biological integrity using their own collections of fish assemblages. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101; 2202, L202 or 2229, L229. Co-requisite: BIO 4479.
   
BIO 4480 Histology (3)
  Microscopic anatomy and function of cell types and tissues of mammalian organs. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101. Co-requisite: BIO L480.
   
BIO L480 Histology Lab (1-3)
  Microscopic anatomy of cell types and tissues of mammalian organs. Prerequisites: BIO 1101, L101. Co-requisite: BIO 4480.
   
BIO 4481 Methods and Materials for the Secondary Teacher (3)
  A survey of teaching methods and materials appropriate for teaching in the content areas for grades 6-12. Topics addressed will include teacher evaluation in the public schools, collaboration with special education teachers, and lesson planning formats. In addition, teaching methods, selections organization and use of biology/science materials for grades 6-12 will be covered in detail. A professional laboratory experience is included in this course. Prerequisite: Admission to TEP.
   
BIO 4482 Molecular Biology (3)
  Fundamental principles of chromosomal organization and gene expression, with emphasis on the structure and function of nucleic acids and proteins. Prerequisites: BIO 3320, L320, 3372, L372, CHM 3343, L343. Co-requisite: BIO L482.
   
BIO L482 Molecular Biology Lab (1-3)
  Experimental approaches in molecular analyses of nucleic acids and proteins, with the emphasis placed on common techniques utilized in clinical and research settings. Prerequisites: BIO 3320, L320, 3372, L372, CHM 3343, L343. Co-requisite: BIO 4482.
   
BIO 4488-4489-4490 Internship in Environmental Science (1 to 3 credit hours per course per semester)
Supervised work experience in a governmental agency, business or industry, public service organization, or other working environment in which a student will apply knowledge of environmental science. Prerequisites: Approval of the student’s academic adviser and department chair.
   
BIO 4491-4492 Guided Independent Research (1 to 4 credit hours per course per semester)
  Additional information is indexed under Guided Independent Research and Study.
   
BIO 4493-4494 Guided Independent Study (1 to 4 credit hours per course per semester)
  Additional information is indexed under Guided Independent Research and Study.